![]() Recent studies have also established the OTX2 gene as an oncogene for medulloblastoma, a malignant brain tumour originating in the cerebellum.Ĭopyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. IntroductionMller glial cells typically activate to react to hypoxic tissue damage in several retinal diseases.The second one regards implications for human pathology (ies) related to the adult phenotype of the Otx1/ mice. elegans genome, specify the identities of AWC, ASE, and AWB chemosensory neurons, defining a role for this gene family in sensory neuron specification. We show here that ceh-36 and ceh-37, the remaining two Otx -like genes in the C. The first one regards their early function and contributes to a discussion on the evolution of the brain. The Otx/otd homolog ttx-1 specifies the identities of the AFD thermosensory neurons. OTX2 heterozygous mutations in humans have been linked to severe ocular malformations associated with brain abnormalities and pituitary dysfunction. The role of Otx genes in the morphogenesis of the brain can be considered from two points of view. In the visual cortex, the gene modulates the neuronal plasticity through a paracrine mechanism. Recent expression data and functional experiments on key developmental control genes, such as the dorsoventral patterning genes, the cephalic gap genes otd/Otx and ems/Emx, or the Hox and. Otx2 expression is maintained in the differentiated retina wherein the gene is critical for the outer retina maintenance. ![]() Otx2 is also a key regulator of photoreceptor genesis and differentiation, and is required after birth for bipolar cells terminal maturation. As soon as the optic vesicle is formed, the gene is required for retinal pigment epithelium specification. In the retina, Otx2 has essential functions from early embryogenesis to adulthood. Otx1 and Otx2, the murine homologs of the Drosophila orthodenticle gene, play a remarkable role in specification and regionalization of forebrain and midbrain. The Otx2 gene encodes a transcription factor essential for the normal development of brain, cerebellum, pineal gland, and eye. ![]()
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